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At death, a surviving spouse's estate will owe estate taxes on the net value that exceeds the annual exemption:

Year	Exempt from Tax	Estate-Tax Rate
2023	$12,920,000 per person with portability	Top rate of 40%

Taxable Income Brackets for 2023 Ordinary Income Tax Rates

Marginal Tax Rate	Married Filing Joint	Single
10%	$0 – $22,000	$0 – $11,000
12%	$22,001 – $89,450	$11,001 – $44,725
22%	$89,451 –$190,750	$44,726 – $95,375
24%	$190,751 – $364,200	$$95,376 – $182,100
32%	$364,201 – $462,500	$182,101 – $231,250
35%	$462,501 – $693,750	$231,251 – $578,125
37%*	Over $693,750	Over $578,125

Here's what can be contributed to a SEP IRA:

Year	Maximum Contribution
2023	Up to 25% of compensation of up to $330,000, but no more than $66,000. Catch-up contributions do not apply.

Year	Eligibility
2023	Anyone Can

This chart is only for those who are covered by a company retirement plan.

Year	Married/Joint	Single or head of Household
2021	105,000 - 125,000	66,000 - 76,000
2022	109,000 - 129,000	68,000 - 78,000
2023	116,000 - 136,000	73,000 - 83,000

If not covered by a company plan but the spouse is, the phase-out range for 2022 is $204,000 - $214,000 and for 2023 is $218,000 - $228,000. If filing married-separate, the phase-out range is $0 - $10,000.

Year	Married/Joint	Single or head of Household
2021	198,000 - 208,000	125,000 - 140,000
2022	204,000 - 214,000	129,000 - 144,000
2023	218,000 - 228,000	138,000 - 153,000

If filing married-separate, the phase-out range is $0 - $10,000.

Year	Under age 50	Age 50+
2023	$6,500	$7,500

Quick Fact Sheet – Roth IRA Contributions Copyright 2023 Ed Slott and Company, LLC

This table is used only for lifetime distributions and only when the spousal exception applies (when the spouse is the sole beneficiary for the entire year and is more than 10 years younger than the IRA owner). Beneficiaries never use this table.

Beneficiaries use this Single Life Expectancy Table based on their age in the year after the IRA owner's death. That factor is reduced by one for each succeeding distribution year. Spouse beneficiaries who do not elect to roll the IRA over or treat it as their own also use the single life table, but they can look up their age each year.