any reason to keep after-tax and pre-tax IRAs separate?

Is there any reason to keep an IRA that contains mostly after-tax contributions separate from an IRA that is all pre-tax? A clients former custodian had them separate and we are wondering if there is any downside to combining them that we are not thinking of.

My understanding is that distributions are pro-rata regardless and that form 8606 determines the pro-rata portion. Anything we are missing? Any state tax differences that anyone is aware of?

This client will not look to roll funds into a future qualified plan (he is retired).

Thanks!



From a purely tax standpoint there is no reason to separate the accounts for the reasons you stated, ie pro rating of all owned IRA accounts per Form 8606.

You also mentioned a potential rollover into an employer plan. If a taxpayer has a rollover IRA from a prior employer there are two potential benefits of keeping that rollover separate:
1) Many employer plans will only accept conduit (aka rollover) IRA accounts as incoming rollovers. They will not accept contributary accounts regardless of whether the contributions were deductible or not deductible.
2) In states that do not fully protect IRAs from creditors, creditor protection is limited to the federal bankruptcy act of 2005. Protection of IRA accounts in bankruptcy are limited to 1,000,000 for accounts that received regular contributions, but there is NO LIMIT for rollover IRA accounts. In this situation, a rollover IRA account might contain after tax contributions rolled over as well as the pre tax balance.

Neither of the above are directly related to current taxation of IRA distributions, so the possible benefits of keeping rollover IRAs separate are better portability and better creditor protection in certain states.



Is it possible to convert the post-tax IRA contributions into a Roth IRA?



Yes, they can be converted, but are pro rated with the pre tax balance. They cannot be converted alone unless there is no pre tax balance. The calculations are generated by Form 8606.

One way to accomplish a tax free conversion is to roll the pre tax balance into your employer plan, leaving only the after tax amount in the traditional IRA. The remaining after tax amount can then be converted to a Roth IRA tax free.



Thank you



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