Wash Sale Issues to Manage Now?

Earlier this year, after years of not doing much in either my brokerage or IRA accounts, I started putting idle cash to work. By the end of this year, I wanted my Roth IRA (the only IRA that has a balance; the TIRA is empty and only used for backdoor Roth purposes) to be 70% in the ETF ticker “RSP”, 20% in the ETF ticker “FNDF”, and 5% in the ETF ticker “SCHZ”. The remaining 5% would remain as cash. I then planned to rebalance to that allocation as I put new money into the account in subsequent years, or by trimming here and adding there as needed.

That seemed simple enough, and I set about putting the cash to work (usually executing 1 trade per holding per pay cycle). But to get to my target Roth IRA allocations, I knew I would have to sell some other holdings along the way. I started the year owning CVX, GE, MCD, and T. I also had money in mutual funds (UMBIX and ARTIX). And I also had money in DIA and IVV.

I’m totally out of the CVX, GE, and MCD holdings. I’m out of UMBIX too. I still have some T but sold some too. And I still have the rest (ARTIX, DIA, IVV) with no sales yet.

Because all of this was happening inside of a IRA, I didn’t worry about cap gains (short-term versus long-term). By the same reasoning, I didn’t worry about wash sale considerations.

But I have a brokerage account too, where I sold all my GE (at a profit) and UMBIX (at a loss I believe) held in that account earlier this year too. Was that ill-considered on my part? Do I now have to go back and tease out what was bought within 30 days before and after each sale regardless of the account, teasing out where a loss was and where a “similar” purchase was made within the restricted window? Including auto-reinvested dividends/distributions? Can any of these tickers even be considered “similar” to one another per the wash sale requirements?



Sales in the Roth are immaterial and realized gains in the taxable account are immaterial to wash sales. Your only loss was UMBIX in taxable, and as such you need to be sure that you did not purchase UMBIX in the IRA in the wash sale window. There might have been reinvested dividends for UMBIX in the Roth within that window, which would have been a small amount. That appears to be limited extent of possible wash sale exposure over all these transactions.



I think I follow what you’re saying.  I think I have no issue then.  Based on my research, here is what I learned today.  I sold UMBIX within my brokerage on 16-Jan-2015, 29-Jan-2015, and 3-Feb-2015.  I sold UMBIX within my IRA on 16-Jan-2015 and 29-Jan-2015.  I had no other UMBIX activities (buys or sales) in either the brokerage or IRA from 16-Dec-2014 to 16-Jan-2015.  I had no other UMBIX activities (buys or sales) in the brokerage after 3-Feb-2015, and no other UMBIX activities (buys or sales) in the IRA after 29-Jan-2015.  In this case, it would seem I had no purchases of any sort 31 days before or after the sales.  So no wash sale rules need to be considered here, right?  I sold GE within my brokerage on 23-Jan-2015 and 26-Jan-2015.  I sold GE within my IRA on 23-Jan-2015 and 26-Jan-2015.  I got a qualified dividend from GE in both accounts on 26-Jan-2015, but neither was reinvested (seemingly just got the cash).  I had no other GE activities (buys or sales) in either the brokerage or IRA in 2015 until 23-Jan-2015.  I had no other GE activities (buys or sales) in either the brokerage or IRA after 26-Jan-2015.  In this case, it would seem I had no purchases of any sort 31 days before or after the sales.  So no wash sale rules need to be considered here, right?



AS long as there was no reinvested dividends for UMBIX in your IRA from 12/16 to 3/5 you are OK.



I did some more homework after my last posting and have another question.  But first, a refresher.  I have wash-sale considerations to deal with only if 1) I have a sale 2) For a loss 3) In a taxable brokerage account and the 4) Purchase the same/similar within 30 days before or after that sale, in either a brokerage account or IRA.  Right?If I’ve got that right, what happens when I reinvest dividends in a mutual fund within 31 days before selling?  I started building a position in a mutual fund in a taxable account in July and August of 2007.  Since then until October 2011, I did nothing but reinvest the dividends.Within 31 days of selling all the shares in October 2011, I got 2 dividends that were reinvested.  Those two positions were sold at a loss.  But almost all the other purchases were sold at a profit and I think I used the average share cost method in my tax filings and showed a small profit on the entire thing.Do I have anything more to do here?



Sounds like the reinvested dividends created a small wash sale, but since 2011 is now a closed tax year, there is nothing for you to do.



That is unfortunate, but that brings up some other questions.  Let’s ignore the tax year for a moment.  In this case, over the entire term of holding the position (4 years, with monthly dividends/distributions), only 4 times were purchases made for a price higher than the price at which everything was liquidated.  Each was a case of reinvested dividends, and 2 of the 4 were within 30 days of the final sale.  The total loss on these 4 trades was a whopping $0.113.  (Not a huge investment in dollar terms, clearly.)  As a whole, I brought in about $290 more than I invested (including the reinvested dividends), and I reported it all as a long-term cap gain.  Does that still create a wash-sale, if it was all reported as a gain using the average cost method for mutual funds?  What if anything else should have been done?  All of these positions were held within 1 taxable account with 1 broker (TD Ameritrade, I believe).  Should they not have alerted me about a wash-sale if indeed it was a wash sale?



Did anyone else have any more thoughts to share on this thread?



Look at Form 8949 reporting the sale for the applicable date. If you have a loss using whatever mutual fund cost basis method you are using for that particular sale date, and if you purchased replacement shares within the wash sale 61 day window, you have a wash sale but it will be very small because the reinvestment of dividends likely purchased only a small portion relative to the number of shares sold on that date. What you paid for the replacement shares acquired in the dividend reinvestment  is immaterial as it could be more or less than the price you received for the sale. If you have several different sale and reinvestment dates, you just have to match them up correctly. The mutual fund company should handle this for you for all shares you sell that were acquired 1/1/2012 or later. A broker may or may not alert you to wash sales at the time of sale, but if they do they should be considering any re purchase in an IRA if they also hold that IRA. When shares are replaced in an IRA the wash sale is more costly because you do not get to increase your cost basis for the shares in the IRA to offset the cap loss forfeited by the sale in the taxable account. Note that any time you sell a mutual fund for a loss that has monthly dividends that are reinvested, you cannot avoid a wash sale and you would have two replacement share purchases within the 61 day window, maybe even 3 if you the dividend is reinvested on the first day of the window. One solution if you plan to redeem the fund is to stop dividend reinvestments 31 days before you sell, just take the dividends in cash. 



Thanks for patiently explaining what to look for.  I’ve gone back to the Form 8949 for that sale, and confirm that it all was sold at once under the average cost single category method for a gain.  So the discussion of a wash sale seems moot (i.e. no loss was realized).  But your explanations help me learn what to look for next time.  And I’ve also learned a lesson about automatic dividend reinvestments.  Thanks!



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