Back door Roth/QCD

Client attains age 72 in 2021. She is still employed. In addition, she is self employed. Her employee contributes 100% to a Keogh plan for her. She also contributes to a Keogh plan established for her self employment income.

As of year end 2020 she also has a traditional IRA with a zero balance. She has been contributing, then rolling to a Roth. Her income is too high to contribute to the Roth directly.

She would like to contribute to the Traditional IRA in January, then roll over to her Roth. Once that transaction is complete she would like to move funds to the Traditional IRA in order to make Qualified Charitable Distributions during the year. Plan would be to continue this process annually.

We do not want to have the non taxability of the QCD impacted by the fact she is making a deductible contribution to her Keogh plan. We understand that if her contribution to her traditional IRA were deductible the benefit of the distribution would be reduced pursuant to the “anti abuse” provisions of the SECURE Act.

The question is whether funds may be moved from neither, one, or both of the retirement funds to the traditional IRA for these QCD purposes.

Thanks.



  • Keoghs are qualified plans, therefore contributions to them are not treated as IRA deductible contributions and do not trigger the anti abuse QCD reduction.  However, with no year end value in the TIRA there is no TIRA RMD that the IRA QCD could offset. 
  • The most complex portion of this scenario is the RMD requirement from the Keogh plans. She will definitely be required to start RMDs from the SE Keogh plan, but for the Keogh in which she is the employee, she is probably not a >5% owner, is still working, and therefore not subject to RMDs from that plan as long as she continues working. But for her SE employed Keogh her RBD is 4/1/2022, and 2021 is the first RMD distribution year. Therefore, she must satisfy that plan’s 2021 RMD before rolling over selected additional amounts to the TIRA. If the amount rolled over to the IRA is fully distributed as a QCD, it would reduce her TIRA balance to 0 and allow her to continue the back door Roth contributions.  Again, for this to work, the TIRA must have a 0 year end balance to eliminate TIRA RMDs  for the following year, and any funds rolled into the TIRA must all be distributed as QCDs in order to bring the year end balance back to 0. Probably cleaner to do the Keogh to TIRA rollover first, QCD it out of the IRA next, then make the TIRA ND contribution and convert it, which should show up as a non taxable conversion on Form 8606.

Thanks for your help.

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