Active participation in a qualified plan

S Corp has one shareholder/employee. No contributions to SEP for 2022 in 2022 or 2023. SEP contribution FOR 2023 will be made in 2024. Is the shareholder/employee not considered to be an active participant in a qualified plan during 2023 because the SEP contribution FOR 2023 was not made until 2024? If the shareholder/employee is not considered to be an active participant in a qualified plan during 2023, can he make (and deduct) an IRA contribution FOR 2023 by 4-15-24? Assume a very substantial AGI for 2023.



SEP contributions result in active participation only in the year IN WHICH they are made, so there is no active participation in 2023. He can make a deductible TIRA contribution for 2023 assuming there is no spouse who is an active participant. 

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